A Review of Chemically Based Communication in Miridae, with a Focus on Two Sympatric Species of <i>Eccritotarsus</i>

Abstract This report is a review of pertinent scientific literature on the chemical communication Miridae (Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera), with focus sympatric species Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvhalho and eichhorniae Henry. Both have been deployed as biological control agents water hyacinth, Pontederia (Eichhornia) crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, in over 30 sites South Africa. Our aim this was to gather assimilate information ecology mirids, an ultimate goal enhancing effectiveness particularly E. eichhorniae. Many hemipterans highly developed metathoracic scent glands (MTGs), Brindley's glands, secretory setae that store emit chemicals may act allomones, kairomones, or pheromones. The preponderance available dealt sex Hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are reported be pheromones many mirids: for example, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter, Apolygus spinolae Meyer-Dür, Liocoris tripustulatus F., Lygocoris pabulinus L., several Lygus spp. (Lygus hesperus Knight, lineolaris Beauvois, elisus van Duzee, pratensis rugulipennis Poppius), Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura. most prevalent pheromone Miridae, while (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal Heteroptera. co-occur some exhibit functionalities. constancy linked behavioral patterns suggest punctuated equilibrium pattern evolution (dating back Triassic), similar morphological characters insects.